Prevalence of urinary incontinence in reproductive women and its impact on quality of life

Background: Urogenital problems are more common in the female population. Among them urinary incontinence is a common problem. It has significant impact on the physical, psychological and socio-economic aspects of life. The aim of our study is to estimate the proportion of women with urinary incontinence in reproductive age groups and to assess the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 404 women aged between 20 - 45 years. Following data such as socio-demographic characteristics, urinary symptoms and obstetric history, height and weight measurements were recorded. Among those with incontinence, King’s Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate severity of affection.Results: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 34.1% in our study. Out of them 73.2% had mild incontinence, 19.6% had moderate incontinence and 7.2% had severe incontinence.  Those with urinary incontinence had significantly more amount of health affection than those without incontinence (X2 value – 152, P value – 0.000). In those with moderate incontinence, > 95% had physical activity limitation and social limitation. In those with severe incontinence, 90% had physical activity restriction, social limitation, emotional affection and sleep deprivation.Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 34.1%. Urinary incontinence had higher impact on emotional and social well-being. Awareness has to be created about available treatment options among women

A study to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique in reducing nausea and vomiting for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Oncology Ward at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai-03

Cancer is a group of disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to the other parts of the body. The treatment of choice for cancer is chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgeries. Chemotherapy drugs have a range of side effects that depends on the type of medications used. The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting. The side effects of chemotherapy are treated by pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Progressive Muscle Relaxation is a mind-body technique that involves slowly tensing and then relaxing each muscle in the body. The various studies suggest PMR significantly reduces nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy agent. TITLE: “A study to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique in reducing nausea and vomiting for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Oncology Ward at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai-03”. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the post-intervention level of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in the control and experimental group. 2. To assess the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique among chemotherapy patients in oncology ward for experimental group. (Post intervention level). 3. To associate the effectiveness of post test score with selected demographical variables. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study was conducted with 60 samples (Oncology clients) in quantitative approach, True experimental design, Post-test only control group design, sampling selection was done by probability sampling technique-Simple random sampling. Post test scoring of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy was assessed by using modified Rhodes index of nausea and vomiting. The intervention of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique for the duration of 25-30 minutes and was implemented twice a day from the day of admission (Before one hour of administration of chemotherapy agents and other at evening time), Carried out for the following three days of chemotherapy. RESULTS: In experiment group, 83.33% of them are having mild level of nausea and vomiting score, 16.67% of them are having moderate level of nausea and vomiting and none are having severe level of nausea and vomiting score. In control group, none of them are having mild level of nausea and vomiting score, 80.00% of them are having moderate level of nausea and vomiting and 20% are having severe level of nausea and vomiting score. Experiment group patients are having 6.70 Nausea and vomiting score and control group patients are having 14.64 Nausea and vomiting score, so the difference is 7.94, this difference is large and it is significant. It was tested using Student independent "t" test. CONCLUSION: Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique had a significant effect on the level of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Hence the investigator concludes that Progressive Muscle Relaxation as a non-pharmacological intervention is effective in reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting among patients receiving chemotherapy

Perforated transverse vaginal septum: a rare case report

20 year old nulliparous woman married since 1 ½ years attended the gynaecology OPD with history of inability to conceive. She had regular menstrual cycles with normal menstrual flow. Local examination revealed blind vagina with a small opening in the centre. On per rectal examination, uterus was felt and normal in size. Based on history and clinical examination finding, a provisional diagnosis of perforated transverse vaginal septum was made. MRI revealed transverse vaginal septum in the lower 1/3rd of vagina with a small fenestration without haematocolpos or haematometra. Transverse vaginal septum resection was done. Vagina healed well without stricture formation. Transverse vaginal septum in the lower 1/3rd of vagina (perforating type) is a rare entity and hence it is presented

ASSESSMENT OF INFLAMMATORY STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Objective: The metabolic disorder, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a major health problem which is the risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, and other macrovascular diseases. Inflammation is the major pathogenesis of all the above conditions. Therefore, there is a need to assess the inflammatory status using simple and reliable marker which would help to diagnose the disease and assess the prognosis of the disease. Hence, the aim of the current study is to estimate the level of simple inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) in Type 2 diabetes individual.Materials and Method: Fifty patients, reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, were enrolled in the study which includes 25 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy individuals. 5 ml of venous blood was collected and centrifuged. Then, it is analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and CRP using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software.Results: The mean FBS, HbA1c, and CRP levels were higher in T2DM patients in comparison to healthy individuals. The serum FBS, HbA1c, and CRP levels in the control group and T2DM group were 85.08±8.47, 4.27±0.63, and 6.51±0.83 and 168, 7.38±0.9, and 27.23±19.06, respectively. There was a significant (p=0.000) difference in the mean CRP levels of the above groups.Conclusion: CRP level were consistently higher in T2DM individuals; hence, it could be a simple and reliable marker to assess the inflammatory status of the diabetic individuals

Comparative Analysis of Contextual Relation Extraction based on Deep Learning Models

Contextual Relation Extraction (CRE) is mainly used for constructing a knowledge graph with a help of ontology. It performs various tasks such as semantic search, query answering, and textual entailment. Relation extraction identifies the entities from raw texts and the relations among them. An efficient and accurate CRE system is essential for creating domain knowledge in the biomedical industry. Existing Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are not suitable to predict complex relations from sentences that consist of more than two relations and unspecified entities efficiently. In this work, deep learning techniques have been used to identify the appropriate semantic relation based on the context from multiple sentences. Even though various machine learning models have been used for relation extraction, they provide better results only for binary relations, i.e., relations occurred exactly between the two entities in a sentence. Machine learning models are not suited for complex sentences that consist of the words that have various meanings. To address these issues, hybrid deep learning models have been used to extract the relations from complex sentence effectively. This paper explores the analysis of various deep learning models that are used for relation extraction.Comment: This Paper Presented in the International Conference on FOSS Approaches towards Computational Intelligence and Language TTechnolog on February 2023, Thiruvananthapura

Cent CORE: Centralized Cloud Oriented Requirement Engineering Strategy for Tracking and Elicitation of Dynamic Requirements

Requirement Engineering is one of the most important stages of Software Engineering. Eliciting requirements is highly critical and a complex process as the software end product totally depends on the quality of requirements that were collected. The property of the requirements is dynamic that keeps changing and constantly evolving. The Traditional Strategies for Requirement Engineering lacked organization and change management was entirely manual which consumed a lot of time and skilled labor. A centralized strategy for Elicitation of Dynamic Requirements using the concept of Requirement Cloud is proposed with high level of organization and structuring. A novel idea of using Cloud Storage Service for Requirement Engineering is implemented using a heuristics approach. Change management is incorporated and a few activities like requirements document generation is automated in this approach. Finally a survey between the Traditional Requirement Engineering and Proposed Cloud Methodology is conducted to prove the proposed methodology is better than the traditional strategies of Requirement Engineering

Laccase Immobilization Strategies for Application as a Cathode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells for Azo Dye Decolourization

Enzymatic biocathodes have the potential to replace platinum as an expensive catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, enzymes are fragile and prone to loss of activity with time. This could be circumvented by using suitable immobilization techniques to maintain the activity and increase longevity of the enzyme. In the present study, laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized using three different approaches, i.e., crosslinking with electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI), entrapment in copper alginate beads (Cu-Alg), and encapsulation in Nafion micelles (Nafion), in the absence of redox mediators. These laccase systems were employed in cathode chambers of MFCs for decolourization of Acid orange 7 (AO7) dye. The biocatalyst in the anode chamber was Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in each case. The enzyme in the immobilized states was compared with freely suspended enzyme with respect to dye decolourization at the cathode, enzyme activity retention, power production, and reusability. PANI laccase showed the highest stability and activity, producing a power density of 38 ± 1.7 mW m−2 compared to 25.6 ± 2.1 mW m−2 for Nafion laccase, 14.7 ± 1.04 mW m−2 for Cu-Alg laccase, and 28 ± 0.98 mW m−2 for the freely suspended enzyme. There was 81% enzyme activity retained after 1 cycle (5 days) for PANI laccase compared to 69% for Nafion and 61.5% activity for Cu-alginate laccase and 23.8% activity retention for the freely suspended laccase compared to initial activity. The dye decolourization was highest for freely suspended enzyme with over 85% decolourization whereas for PANI it was 75.6%, Nafion 73%, and 81% Cu-alginate systems, respectively. All the immobilized laccase systems were reusable for two more cycles. The current study explores the potential of laccase immobilized biocathode for dye decolourization in a microbial fuel cell

Web Application Shielding

In the olden days computer networks were used for sending emails so there was no issue of security but now a days people who are using internet as sharing tool are hacking the financial products like credit cards, debit cards by hacking the pin numbers and passwords and are misusing the accounts. There are several threats for the online applications such as hacking, intrusion and so on. Nowadays, application security is rapidly being recognized as a top priority. The systems store and retrieve knowledge and it'll shield the information from unauthorized users, disclosure, modification or destruction. Systems can make sure that the users have the authority to access the information, load new knowledge, or update existing knowledge. It is a very huge and complex task to provide security for a web application. So to avoid such problems a Web Application Shielding with the help of encryption techniques can be developed. This prevents hackers from exploiting vulnerabilities. This provides a higher level of security

Status of thiocyanate levels in the serum and saliva of non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers

Background: Use of tobacco is often implicated in the development of oral diseases. Questionable accuracy of the traditional questionnaires to assess cigarette exposure necessitates the use of biomarkers like thiocyanate which provide a definitive quantitative measure.Objective: To assess the rise in the level of thiocyanate for measurement of smoking behaviour in adults.Materials and methods: Serum and salivary thiocyanate levels were estimated in 20 non-smokers, 20 ex-smokers and 40 smokers. Smokers were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of oral mucosal lesions.Results: The mean serum and salivary thiocyanate levels were increased significantly in smokers when compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers. The levels were not significantly different between ex-smokers and non-smokers and between smokers with tobacco related oral mucosal lesions and those without. Statistically significant correlation was seen between the serum and salivary levels of thiocyanate.Conclusion: This study highlights the high level of thiocyanate in the serum and saliva of smokers when compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers. Significant increase in thiocyanate level was also seen in saliva. Hence it can be stated that saliva can be used as a reliable, non-invasive tool to assess smoking behaviour in the population and its changes over time.Keywords: Thiocyanate, tobacco, smoking, cancer, pre-cancer